The mediator helps both parties, along with their lawyers, if any, to work out and explore all their options, and to reach an agreement that is put in writing. The mediation rules require that for an agreement reached at mediation to become binding, it must be reduced to writing and signed by both parties and their attorneys (if any). With very few exceptions, once the agreement is signed, it is immediately binding on the parties.
Most Agreements that are reached are submitted to the Judge for approval and become part of a Court Order or Final Judgment, unless the Parties agree not to submit it to the Judge. The Judge will retain the power to enforce the terms of the Agreement just as if the Judge ruled on it him or herself.
Generally, but not necessarily, everyone starts off in the same room, where the mediator explains the process and his qualifications, and each party, or his or her attorney, explains the factual history and issues to be dealt with. Many times, after this group discussion, the mediator will break each side into separate rooms (called a “caucus”.) The mediator will meet privately with each side and go back and forth between rooms.